Background: Once the year comes to end, around late November up to February, there prevails the dry cold wind originated from the Sahara Desert in North Africa toward the West African countries called Harmattan. The Harmattan season has adverse effects on human health and comfort. There is a wide spread of airborne diseases coupled with the dryness of human skin. Small children are mostly dehydrated. Aim and Objectives: This study focused on the impacts of the Harmattan season in Keffi town, Nasarawa state, Nigeria, on human health. Materials and Methods: The use of correlation and regression analysis is employed to analyse the data. It also involved the collection of data from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency. The field survey also confined about 100 respondents. Result: The results indicate a positive correlation between the Harmattan and its impact on human health, with about 0.64. The climate and anthropogenic factors are mostly the responsible factors influencing the high prevalence of Harmattan. Conclusion: Nevertheless, there is the good side of the Harmattan season, such as the lowering of environmental temperature and some crops enjoy the cold season.

[ABSTRACT]  [FULL TEXT]  [PDF]  [Mobile Full text]  [EPub] [CITATIONS]

Bone replacement in materials had been used in a wide variety of surgical approaches. The use of such bone grafts for reconstructing osseous defects is the choice of periodontist, which significantly improves the clinical outcome in regeneration procedures. It increases the bone formation and quality of vital bone. A wide range of bone grafting materials, have been applied and evaluated clinically, including autografts, allografts, xenografts, and alloplasts. It substitutes as a basic building block for the periodontal reconstruction, by providing clinical application with its biological functions. This review insight various use of bone graft materials and its characteristic features in promoting its bone formation and emphasis on recent advances in this field.

[ABSTRACT]  [FULL TEXT]  [PDF]  [Mobile Full text]  [EPub] [CITATIONS]

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has struck fear into populaces all through the world and shocked the worldwide restorative community, with the World Health Organization pronouncing it a widespread as it were approximately 3 months after the flare-up of the infection. A new different virus (primarily called “novel coronavirus 2019 [nCoV]”) causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 and rapidly spread to other parts of China and other countries around the world. The outbreak of the nCoV disease (COVID-19) has caused more than 850,000 people infected and approx. 40,000 of deaths in more than 190 countries up to March 2020, extremely affecting economic and social development. Presently, the number of infections and deaths is still increasing rapidly. COVID-19 seriously threatens human health, production, life, social functioning, and international relations. In the fight against COVID-19, geographic information systems (GIS) and big data technologies have played an important role in many aspects. This article describes the usage of practical GIS and mapping dashboards and applications for monitoring the coronavirus epidemic and related activities as they spread around the world. At the fact level, in the generation of massive data, information no longer come on the whole from the authorities but are gathered from greater diverse enterprises. As of now and for a long time in future, the improvement of GIS should be fortified to create a data-driven framework for fast information securing, which implies that GIS ought to be utilized to fortify the social operation parameterization of models and methods, particularly when giving back for social administration.

[ABSTRACT]  [FULL TEXT]  [PDF]  [Mobile Full text]  [EPub] [CITATIONS]

Treatment of the oral cavity leukoplakia, a potentially malignant lesion, is presently not evidenced based. Leukoplakia is a premalignant lesion of the oral cavity which has increased risk for oral cancer. If the leukoplakia is treated in its incipient stage, the chance of occurrence of the oral cancer can be reduced. Although there are several treatment options for leukoplakia, there is no specific and appropriate one for minimizing the malignant transformation of the leukoplakia. Tobacco and prolonged use of alcohol can cause significant risk factors toward origin of the oral cavity leukoplakia. Surgical excision, cryotherapy, and laser excision are the useful modes of the treatment for oral leukoplakia, but the minimizing the risk of the malignant transformation is still doubtful. However, the medical treatment for oral cavity leukoplakia is often attractive particularly to prevent the transformation of the leukoplakia into malignancy. The medical treatment is based on chemoprevention such as Vitamin A and retinoid, carotenoids, tea extract, bleomycin, and Vitamin C have been used although with inconclusive output. The nonsurgical treatment overweighs because of its non-invasiveness, good cosmetic result, well tolerated by the patient without cumulative toxicity and used when the surgery is avoided or contraindicated. In this review article, we will discuss different nonsurgical treatment options for oral cavity leukoplakia.

[ABSTRACT]  [FULL TEXT]  [PDF]  [Mobile Full text]  [EPub] [CITATIONS]

The vascular anatomy of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) is highly variable. In respect to the neurovascular relationship in the internal auditory canal (IAC), the AICA is intimately related with vestibulocochlear and facial nerve. Vascular loop of AICA, especially located in the IAC, is rare. This vascular loop of the IAC may result in the compression over the vestibulocochlear nerve. Microvascular compression of the eighth cranial nerve is an important cause for disabling tinnitus, vertigo, and hearing loss. Disabling tinnitus and vertigo due to intrameatal vascular loop of AICA compression, the vestibulocochlear nerve can be treated with help of drilling the internal acoustic meatus and separate the vascular loop from the vestibulocochlear nerve. The intrameatal AICA and vestibulocochlear nerve conflict produce specific pathological features and their surgical treatment is also invariably challenging. Decompression of the vestibulocochlear nerve by the opening of the IAC and transposition of the AICA is thought to be an effective treatment modality for radiologically confirmed cases with clinical presentations of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss and pulsatile tinnitus. The aim of this review article is to describe the details of vascular anatomy, etiopathology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, neurophysiology, and current treatment of the vascular loop of AICA in IAC which often pose challenge to the clinicians.

[ABSTRACT]  [FULL TEXT]  [PDF]  [Mobile Full text]  [EPub]

Organophosphate pesticides are used in agriculture to protect plants and livestock from pests so as to increase food yield. They are also used to control household and structural pests. Organophosphate pesticides inhibit acetylcholinesterase, preventing the break-down of acetylcholine in the nervous system which leads to the accumulation of acetylcholine in nerve endings resulting in paralysis. Information on organophosphate pesticides, mechanism of action of organophosphate chemicals, organophosphate toxicity, biological monitoring, and regulation of pesticides was obtained from other published articles, textbooks, and relevant internet sites. Studies have shown that there is a link between sensorimotor and cognitive impairments to organophosphate exposure as well as a link between affective disorders, depression, and suicide to the acute and chronic exposure to organophosphate insecticides in humans. Although being used as a pesticide and an insecticide, organophosphate chemicals pose a huge danger to health and as such, there should be general public awareness on its health risk with continuous and unguarded exposure to it.

[ABSTRACT]  [FULL TEXT]  [PDF]  [Mobile Full text]  [EPub] [CITATIONS]

Objectives: The objective is to discuss the effects of whey protein on the aerobic exercise ability of football players. Methods: A total of 36 college football players were randomly divided into control group and observation group. Eighteen cases in the control group were given pure water for athletes, and 18 in the observation group were given whey protein which was used as an athlete's supplementary ability. The two groups of footballers were given 8 weeks of physical training, and the athletes needed additional energy within 1 h before and after training. The physical fitness test and blood biochemical index of the two groups of football players were observed and recorded. Results: Compared with the control group, the erythrocyte function of the observation group was more significant, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The results of physical fitness test in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The application of whey protein to soccer players can strengthen the protection of erythrocyte function and has certain application value.

[ABSTRACT]  [FULL TEXT]  [PDF]  [Mobile Full text]  [EPub] [CITATIONS]

The coronavirus adheres to the nasal ciliated epithelium and replicates before transporting it to the nasopharynx. Immunopathogenesis and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are influenced by viral and immune system factors. COVID-19 infection is capable of producing an excessive immune reaction in the host that called a cytokine storm. The effect is extensive tissue destruction. Detection and monitoring of the immunopathological changes in patients with COVID-19 may provide potential targets for drug development and discovery, besides it is necessary for clinical management. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody class present at mucosal surfaces, including the upper respiratory tract, providing the first line of defense in mucosal immunity at the primary site of virus infection. Secretory IgA neutralizes the virus without causing inflammation because of its inability to fix and activate the complement cascade. Hence, it is suggested that induction of the mucosal immune response is more desirable to prevent respiratory infection to avoid unregulated inflammatory innate responses and impaired adaptive immune responses that may lead to locally and systemically harmful tissue damage. The advantage of IgA for protecting mucosal surfaces, such as the respiratory tract, relates to the presence of a specialized mechanism for transporting oligomeric IgA across epithelial surfaces.

[ABSTRACT]  [FULL TEXT]  [PDF]  [Mobile Full text]  [EPub] [CITATIONS]

Background: In Bangladesh, bloodstream infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality and empirical treatment based on clinical symptoms. Patient's final outcome might be improved with detailed and organized surveillance studies on bloodstream isolates and their resistance. Materials and Methods: Our study was conducted with a total of 520 suspected bacteremia patients from December 2017 to November 2018. Results: Approximately 60% and 49% of the suspected cases were male and in the age group 17–50 years, respectively, with increasing prevalence found from May 2018 to November 2018, whereas, highest was found in July 2018. Only 11.15% of the patients showed blood culture positive outcomes with 74% were Gram-negative and 26% were Gram-positive. Highest drug resistance was found with azithromycin against all the isolates, except for Staphylococcus aureus that showed 50% resistance. Among 58 isolates, 57 and 56 isolates were found sensitive to imipenem and amikacin, respectively. However, all the tested isolates were found 100% sensitive against fourth generation, cefepime, and piperacillin/tazobactam. There were no isolates completely resistant to all the antibiotics tested. It is alarming that 22.41% of the isolates were found multidrug resistant. Conclusion: We expect our present work will be helpful for health-care personnel to provide improved treatment, as well as the researcher and policymakers from hospital and government to take a step in reducing the irrational antibiotic practice.

[ABSTRACT]  [FULL TEXT]  [PDF]  [Mobile Full text]  [EPub] [CITATIONS]

Objectives: To explore the role of music therapy in relieving depression of teachers. Methods: Sixty patients with depression were selected as the study participants, and they were randomly divided into two groups, with thirty patients in the observation group and thirty patients in the control group. The control group was given routine drug therapy for depressed teachers, and the observation group was treated with music therapy on this basis. With the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the depression treatment effects of two groups of teachers were measured. Results: In the application of music therapy, the observation group of teachers has been significantly relieved of depression. In the 1^st weekend, the 2^nd weekend, the 4^th weekend, and the 8^th weekend, the reduction rate of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In the course of the treatment of depression of teachers, the application of music therapy can alleviate the depression of teachers to a large extent and has important clinical practice significance.

[ABSTRACT]  [FULL TEXT]  [PDF]  [Mobile Full text]  [EPub]

Covid 19 is a coronavirus disease caused by Covid 19 virus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) formerly referred to as novel coronavirus or Wuhan coronavirus or 2019-nCoV causes a deadly respiratory infection. It is an infectious viral agent and a positive-sense (+ssRNA), single-stranded RNA virus that causes acute respiratory disease which can be mild, moderate, or severe illness including death. It is a zoonotic infection and can also be transmitted from human to human. The virus enters the cell by binding with cell that has angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor using the spike. ACE2 receptor is found on the cell membranes of cells in the lungs, arteries, heart, kidney, and intestines. The first outbreak was reported in Wuhan, China, on December 31, 2019, hence the initial name Wuhan coronavirus. Globally, it has a fatality rate of 6.7% with a fatality rate of 3.5% in Nigeria as at April 18, 2020. The infection is air borne through droplets from infected person during coughing, spiting or sneezing. It can also be contracted by touching eyes, nose, or mouth with contaminated hands. Covid 19 may elicit both inflammatory and acute phase immune responses while the mechanical innate immune defense can be overcome to cause severe pneumonia The virus enters the lung through ACE2 receptors on the cell membrane of the lung to destroy cilia resulting into the accumulation of dead tissues, cells/dirts/wastes, and fluids thereby displacing the normal air content of the lung which will eventually bring about dry cough, and difficulties in breathing. The infection can be prevented through basic protective measures which include regular washing of hands with soap and water followed by sanitizing hands with alcohol-based sanitizer, social distancing, avoidance of gathering, quarantine measure applicable to especially those from endemic areas, self-isolation for those who are positive or manifesting related signs and symptoms, use of personal protective equipment, early diagnosis, and adequate intervention. The use of soap and alcohol are effective as soap can break through the lipid layer of the virus to become smaller particles which are washed away by water while alcohol is capable of lysing the virus. Covid 19 is diagnosed in the laboratory by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction Panel. Covid 19 may result into abnormal liver function tests due to abnormal fat retention, elevated plasma creatinine and urea which may be due to kidney damage, elevated C0₂, and decreased oxygen, level due to severe pneumonia, decreased and elevated anti and pro-inflammatory cytokines respectively which may be manifested as fever, acute phase response, decreased erythropoietin due to possible kidney damage, prolong prothrombin time/activated partial thromboplastin time and depleted platelet count which may manifest as disseminated intravascular coagulation. This work reviewed the transmission, case fatality rate, basic protective measures, laboratory diagnosis, and possible laboratory features of Covid 19.

[ABSTRACT]  [FULL TEXT]  [PDF]  [Mobile Full text]  [EPub]

Objectives: The objective of this study is to explore the effect of oral creatine on the anaerobic exercise ability of soccer players. Methods: Twenty healthy football players in five football teams were selected as the study participants, and they were randomly divided into the observation group and control group, each of which was 10. The football players in the control group were given glucose at a rate of 5 g/time, and the members of the observation group were given creatine glucose at a rate of 5 g/time and the supplementation of the two groups was 5 g × 4 when they have their meals and before bedtime. During the period, the training of the football players is normal. Moreover, the blood lactic acid and oxygen-free work of the two groups were compared. Results: After having oral creatine, the peak of oxygen-free work of the observation group was significantly increased, which was obviously superior to the control group without oral creatine. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After having oral creatine, the lactate level of 3 min in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group after exercise, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: After the oral creatine is taken orally, the peak of the oxygen-free work, the explosive force and the action quality of the football player can be improved. Significantly, it can increase the speed of movement fatigue recovery and it is worth popularizing.

[ABSTRACT]  [FULL TEXT]  [PDF]  [Mobile Full text]  [EPub] [CITATIONS]

[FULL TEXT]  [PDF]  [Mobile Full text]  [EPub] [CITATIONS]

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of radiographic Singh index (SI) with respect to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan in diagnosing osteoporosis. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 100 postmenopausal women in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, SKIMS, Soura, Srinagar, from June 2019 to December 2019. We obtained right or left standard anteroposterior hip radiograph in each patient and compared its SI grade to the densitometry results obtained from the DEXA study of the corresponding hip. Results: Out of the selected patients, 7% had DEXA bone mineral density (BMD) values in normal range (T-score ≤1), 81% in osteopenic range (T-score >1.00–<2.5), and 12% in osteoporotic range (T-score ≥2.5). There was no statistically significant correlation (r = −0.108, P = 0.286) between SI grade and WHO BMD category (normal, osteopenia, or osteoporosis). There was no statistically significant correlation (r = 0.191, P = 0.057) between the SI grade and the mean absolute DEXA BMD value. There was also no statistically significant correlation (r = −0.195, P = 0.052) between SI grade and mean DEXA T-score. Conclusion: Our study found a poor correlation between radiographic SI and DEXA densitometry results. We concluded that the SI cannot be used as a substitute for DEXA study in diagnosing osteoporosis.

[ABSTRACT]  [FULL TEXT]  [PDF]  [Mobile Full text]  [EPub] [CITATIONS]

Objectives: The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between college students' emotion management ability and mental health. Methods: A total of 1000 college students from four universities in our city were selected as the object of the study. The emotion management ability of 1000 college students was analyzed by means of questionnaire, and the mental health status of college students was measured with symptom checklist (SCL)-90. The average scores of the five dimensions of college students' emotional management ability are classified as follows: Controlling negative vent >rational regulation >seeking outside support >controlling negative suggestion >positive remedy. Results: The results showed that there were obvious negative correlations between the three factors and the SCL-90 factors, such as the rational control of college students, the control of negative implications, and the control of negative venting. However, there is only a negative correlation between college students' seeking outside help and interpersonal, paranoid, psychotic, and depressive factors. Positive remedies were negatively correlated with the symptoms of compulsion, psychosis, and depressive factors, while positive remedies and paranoia factor and hostile factor are obviously related. Conclusions: In the investigation of college students' emotional management ability, the five dimensions are closely related to their mental health status. Therefore, we should pay attention to the cultivation of college students' emotional ability and encourage them to participate in some meaningful activities to improve their mental health.

[ABSTRACT]  [FULL TEXT]  [PDF]  [Mobile Full text]  [EPub] [CITATIONS]

Background: Postoperative shivering is a major dilemma in most major surgeries. It is a consequence of perioperative hypothermia, attributed to the use of obsolete anesthetic regiments being used in the field of veterinary medicine. Shivering is a protective mechanism to compensate for the thermoregulatory status of the individual. This phenomenon is most aptly observed in small mammals and rodents while recovering from anesthesia induced by ketamine and xylazine combination. Objectives: This study used rabbits as a model to demonstrate and qualitatively analyze the comparative efficacy of nalbuphine and tramadol to control postoperative shivering. Materials and Methods: Twenty rabbits were randomly divided into three different groups, i.e., A, B, and C. The average values of temperature, pulse, and respiration in Group A (control) were 101.37 ± 0.99, 112 ± 27.32, and 80 ± 10.06, respectively. Results: Similarly, the values of these parameters obtained from Group B (nalbuphine) were 102.37 ± 0.67, 102.8 ± 29.68, and 74.9 ± 28.72 as compared to Group C (tramadol) were 101.79 ± 0.82, 102.3 ± 22.47, and 66.8 ± 14.55. The incidence of postoperative shivering was significantly lesser in Group B, whereby 80% of the individuals completely stopped shivering, whereas in case of Group C, only 65% of the individuals underwent complete cessation of shivering. Conclusion: administering opioids perioperatively can profoundly inhibit the incidence of postanesthetic shivering and may counteract the malicious effects of anesthesia and surgical procedure.

[ABSTRACT]  [FULL TEXT]  [PDF]  [Mobile Full text]  [EPub]

Background: Biliary tree obstruction and consequent jaundice occur in 70%–90% of these patients and have important consequences mainly for the patient's quality of life, morbidity, and overall mortality. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) is an excellent palliative procedure to drain the bile ducts in malignant obstruction. We compared left- and right-sided approach in relief of malignant obstruction. The most common causes of malignant biliary obstruction (MBO) include pancreatic adenocarcinoma, hilar cholangiocarcinoma, ampullary/duodenal adenocarcinoma, gallbladder adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, and compressive metastatic peri-portal lymph node Materials and Methods: This study was a prospective, hospital-based study performed for 2 years from 2016 to 2018. PTBD was performed either through right in 16 patients or left approach in 15 patients. Two approaches were compared in terms of clinical and technological success, changes in laboratory data, internalization and survival. Results: (1) Rate of technological success was 100%. (2) There was a significant reduction in bilirubin, alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels after the procedure in both the approaches, but the decrease was more in the right-sided approach. Only the decrease in bilirubin levels was statistically significant. The decrease in albumin was attributed to the progression of the disease. (3) Clinical success was seen in 93.33% and 93.75% in left- and right-sided approach. (4) Internalization was done in 86.67% patients in the left-lobe approach, while as in right-lobe approach, it was done in 93.75% patients. Conclusion: PTBD causes a significant reduction in the bilirubin level, irrespective of the amount of liver drained or the type of drainage (external/internal). In our study, the reduction in bilirubin, ALT and ALP was more in the right-lobe approach. However, only reductions in levels of bilirubin were statistically significant.

[ABSTRACT]  [FULL TEXT]  [PDF]  [Mobile Full text]  [EPub]

Objectives: The objective of this study is to explore the intervention effect of group intervention on the depression of urban college students and explore the methods of group training in colleges and universities. Methods: In this study, forty students with depression were selected as participants, and they were divided into the observation group and control group randomly. 49D cognitive coping group training and psychological intervention were carried out for the students in the observation group, and the normal training was taken in the control group. The intervention effects of three kinds of measuring tools, namely Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), attritional style questionnaire, and SCSQ were compared to 7D college students before and after intervention. After 6 months, the SDS self-assessment scale was used to measure the return visit. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in depression score between the observation group and the control group before intervention (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Group intervention on the depression of urban college students can obviously improve their depression and promote their mental health. Therefore, it should be actively carried out.

[ABSTRACT]  [FULL TEXT]  [PDF]  [Mobile Full text]  [EPub] [CITATIONS]

Objectives: The objective is to apply the early rehabilitation nursing to the clinical nursing of patients with craniocerebral trauma and analyze the recovery of cognitive function. Methods: A total of 38 cases of craniocerebral trauma patients admitted to our hospital were selected as the research object, and they were randomly divided into an observation group and control group. Nineteen cases in the control group were treated with routine nursing, and 19 cases in the observation group adopted the early rehabilitation nursing. The recovery of cognitive function and nursing satisfaction were observed and recorded in the two groups. Results: Compared with the control group, the effect of cognitive function recovery in patients with craniocerebral trauma was more significant. There was a significant difference in cognitive function recovery between the two groups (P < 0.05). The patients' satisfaction in the control group was significantly lower than that in the observation group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Applying early rehabilitation nursing to the clinical nursing of patients with craniocerebral trauma can accelerate the recovery of cognitive function.

[ABSTRACT]  [FULL TEXT]  [PDF]  [Mobile Full text]  [EPub]

Introduction: Pharmacist's knowledge about the different aspects of this pandemic is crucial because it influence their role and contribution as a frontline health-care provider, as pharmacies and most of the pharmacy practice sectors are kept open even during lockdowns providing counseling and patient care. Pharmacist can provide valuable services during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, these services may include: Provide reliable information on the disease, participate in public education on preventive measures, referring of suspected cases, insuring continuous supply of medicine. Methods: A web-based, cross-sectional study, conducted using the survey instrument to obtain the responses from Sudanese pharmacists during the period from May 26, 2020, to June 3, 2020. A 14-item survey instrument was developed. The web-based cross-sectional study was carried out among the Sudanese pharmacists. A self-reported structured questionnaire was divided into three sections: Demographic characteristics, questions assessing the knowledge, and one question for the pharmacist contribution during the pandemic. Results: The present study showed that 51.1% of pharmacists have good knowledge about the COVID-19. The work experience and education level significantly (P < 0.05) influence pharmacist knowledge. Majority of pharmacists contribute to different activities during the pandemic, for example, providing patients with transmission information (94%), provide factual and reliable information on the diseases symptoms (93.1%), providing patients with prevention information (91.1%). Conclusion: The present study identified that pharmacists have good knowledge about COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, pharmacists contributed in many activities as a frontline health-care provider during this pandemic.

[ABSTRACT]  [FULL TEXT]  [PDF]  [Mobile Full text]  [EPub]

Context: The effect of bromfenac on tear production of 100 healthy participants aged 16–35 (mean age 23.65 ± 4.38 years) was studied using Schirmer's test. Aim: This study, therefore, is primarily geared toward finding out whether the observed positive effect of bromfenac on the management of dry eye is only as a result of its anti-inflammatory effect on the ocular surface. Settings and Design: The pretest, posttest method of experimental design was used and the posttest was at 30-min interval. The tear production was evaluated before and after the administration of 0.09% of bromfenac. Materials and Methods: Participants were first screened of any systemic or ocular problems. The tear production of the participants' right eye (OD) was measured before the topical administration of bromfenac. A drop of bromfenac was administered, and the tear production of the same OD was measured at 30, 60, and 90 min later and recorded. Statistical Analysis Used: Repeated measures analysis of covariance and t-test methods were used. Results: A decrease in mean tear production from the mean baseline value (19.76 ± 4.61 mm/5 min) was recorded after 30-min interval at 30 min, 60 min, and 90 min, respectively. The lowest mean tear produced was observed at 60 min, this effect was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.001). It was also found that gender significantly influence tear production after the administration of bromfenac. Conclusion: Tear production significantly declines with bromfenac administration almost equally in both genders. Patients prone to dry eyes should therefore use bromfenac cautiously regardless of gender.

[ABSTRACT]  [FULL TEXT]  [PDF]  [Mobile Full text]  [EPub]

Objectives: To explore the multiple factors of neuropsychology in elderly patients with depression. Methods: 64 elderly patients with depression were selected as individuals. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), neuropsychological scale score, and family support scale were used to analyze multiple factors of neuropsychology in elderly patients with depression. Results: Through GDS, neuropsychological scale, and family support scale, we can see that there is cognitive impairment in elderly patients with depression. It is closely related to the following three factors: the economic capacity of the family, their health status, and family support level. These factors play an important role in the depression of the elderly and are the main causes of depression in the elderly. Conclusions: There are many neuropsychological factors affecting depression in the elderly. In the prevention of the occurrence of depression in the elderly, the prevention of physical diseases should be done in time, and the harmonious family relationship should be maintained. At the same time, the economic situation of elderly families should be improved.

[ABSTRACT]  [FULL TEXT]  [PDF]  [Mobile Full text]  [EPub]

Background: Neonatal sepsis is one of the most common causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Before getting the culture results, it is necessary to initiate empirical antibiotics based on the epidemiology of causative agents and antibiotic sensitivity patterns in the area. Our study aimed to determine the bacteriological profile of common etiologic agents of neonatal sepsis and their antibiotics-sensitivity pattern. Methodology: This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective hospital-based survey of 250 neonates' reports with positive blood culture, which was carried out in the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology of Soba University hospital from January 1, 2017, to July 31, 2017. The data were collected by using a predesigned checklist and were analyzed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Univariate, as well as multivariate analysis, were performed in this study to analyze the data. Results: Gram-negative bacteria were commonly isolated (56%). The most frequently isolated organism was Staphylococcus aureus(34.8%) followed by Pseudomonas species (33.6%) and Klebsiella species (15.2%). Moreover, overall sensitivity among Gram-negative isolates was to imipenem (87.1%), followed by ciprofloxacin (84.7%) and amikacin (75.9%), whereas Gram-positive isolates had a high sensitivity of (93.6%) to vancomycin. Conclusion: Among the studied samples, the most frequently isolated organism was S. aureus. The overall sensitivity among Gram-negative isolates was higher to imipenem ciprofloxacin and amikacin, whereas Gram-positive isolates had a high sensitivity to vancomycin.

[ABSTRACT]  [FULL TEXT]  [PDF]  [Mobile Full text]  [EPub] [CITATIONS]

Study Background: Raw cucumber (Cucumis sativus) fruit juice contains substances of health benefits. Na, K, urea, and creatinine are indices of nephrotoxicity. Overdose of amoxicillin, an antibiotic, could cause hemolysis and nephrotoxicity. Aim and Objective: This work was therefore designed to evaluate plasma Na, K, urea, and creatinine in rabbits given amoxicillin overdose supplemented with cucumber (C. sativus) fruit juice. Materials and Methods: Fifteen rabbits of the same sex weighing 0.9–1.4 kg divided into three groups of five rabbits each were used for the study. Group A – Five control rabbits; Group B – Five rabbits given 30 mg/kg BW subcutaneous injection of amoxicillin every 24 h for 7 days which was followed by 30 mL raw cucumber fruit juice supplementation for 14 days; Group C – Five rabbits given 30 mg/kg BW subcutaneous injection of amoxicillin every 24 h and raw cucumber fruit juice supplementation for 14 days simultaneously. Plasma K (mmol/L), creatinine (mg/dL), and urea (mg/dL) were determined in the rabbits biochemically by spectrophotometry using COBAS 111. Results: There was a significant decrease in the plasma values of K (mmol/L), creatinine (mg/dL), and urea (mg/dL) following the administration of 30 mL raw cucumber fruit juice supplementation for 14 days than when they were given 30 mg/kg BW subcutaneous injection of amoxicillin every 24 h for 7 days with P < 0.05. There was a significant increase in the plasma values of K (mmol/L), creatinine (mg/dL), and urea (mg/dL) following the administration 30 mg/kg BW subcutaneous injection of amoxicillin every 24 h for 7 days than when they were given 30 mL of raw cucumber fruit juice supplementation for 14 days; basal samples; and also than the results obtained from the control rabbits with P < 0.05. There was also a significant increase in the plasma values of K (mmol/L), following the administration of 30 mL raw cucumber fruit juice supplementation for 14 days than the results obtained from the control rabbits with P < 0.05. Conclusion: This work revealed possible nephrotoxicity following the administration of amoxicillin overdose as indicated by raised plasma K (mmol/L), creatinine (mg/dL), and urea (mg/dL), while the supplementation of raw cucumber fruit juice revealed nephroprotective and decrease in plasma K (mmol/L), creatinine (mg/dL), and urea (mg/dL). Raw cucumber fruit juice could be applied to reduce drug-induced nephrotoxicity.

[ABSTRACT]  [FULL TEXT]  [PDF]  [Mobile Full text]  [EPub] [CITATIONS]

Study Background: Raw cucumber (Cucumis sativus) fruit juice contains substances of health benefits. Metabolism of lipids takes place in the liver. Overdose of amoxicillin (an antibiotic) can cause hemolysis, hepatotoxicity, and inflammation. Aim and Objective: This work was designed to determine the possible metabolic abnormalities of total cholesterol (T-Chol), total triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-Chol), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-Chol) in rabbits given amoxicillin overdose and raw cucumber (C. sativus) fruit juice. Materials and Methods: Fifteen rabbits of the same sex weighing 0.9–1.4 kg divided into three groups of five rabbits each were used for the study. Group A – Five control rabbits; Group B – Five rabbits given 30 mg/kg BW subcutaneous injection of amoxicillin every 24 h for 7 days which was followed by 30 ml raw cucumber fruit juice supplementation for 14 days; Group C – Five rabbits were given 30 mg/kg BW subcutaneous injection of amoxicillin every 24 h and raw cucumber fruit juice supplementation for 14 days simultaneously. Plasma T-Chol, total TGs, and HDL-Chol were determined in the rabbits biochemically using spectrophotometry. Results: The results obtained showed a significant decrease in the plasma T-Chol and HDL-Chol in the rabbits when they were given 30 mg/kg BW subcutaneous injection of amoxicillin every 24 h for 7 days compared with the results obtained in the normal control rabbits, their basal samples, and the results obtained when the rabbits were supplemented with 30 ml raw cucumber fruit juice for 14 days after amoxicillin overdose with P < 0.05. Conclusion: The work showed a significant decrease in the plasma T-ChoL and HDL-Chol in the rabbits when they were given overdose of amoxicillin while plasma values of these parameters were significantly increased though not higher than in the control rabbits and basal samples when the rabbits were supplemented with raw cucumber fruit juice.

[ABSTRACT]  [FULL TEXT]  [PDF]  [Mobile Full text]  [EPub] [CITATIONS]